The collection of procedures was performed in the period from February to April 2017. We did not include health centers and psychiatric departments. We systematically collected venous order of draw procedures from clinical biochemistry departments that perform blood sampling in all public hospitals in Denmark. Furthermore, we assessed whether departmental accreditation by ISO 15189:2012 (Medical laboratories - Requirements for quality and competence) was associated with adherence to international guidelines. Thus, the uniformity in procedures was analyzed at department level. In Denmark, order of draw decisions are not necessarily made at hospital level, and each clinical biochemistry departments follow their own local procedures on venous blood draw. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the uniformity on venous order of blood draw and adherence to CLSI and WHO guidelines in the Danish health care system. However, Danish compliance to international guidelines and inter-laboratory variation is currently not known. A recent systematic review of the available literature by the European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working group for Preanalytical Phase supported the importance of the correct order of draw to prevent contamination due to additive carryover.Įvidence-based guidelines have been developed by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and World Health Organization (WHO). An important step in this phase is venous blood sampling where the order of draw has been advocated as a potential source of errors. The majority of errors (46.0%–68.2%) in the total process of laboratory medicine occur in the preanalytical phase, ,, ].
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